Rare First Edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Found with Author's Handwritten Annotations
In what literary scholars are calling one of the most significant discoveries of the decade, a rare 1818 first edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein has surfaced in Edinburgh, Scotland, containing over two hundred handwritten annotations believed to be penned by the author herself.
The remarkable volume was found by retired antiquarian book dealer Margaret Thornton while cataloguing the estate of a recently deceased collector. Hidden among boxes of Victorian novels, the three-volume set immediately caught her attention due to the extensive marginalia throughout.
"The moment I opened the first volume and saw the handwriting, I knew this was extraordinary," Thornton recounted. "The annotations weren't mere corrections—they were reflections, alternative phrasings, and even small sketches of scenes Shelley had imagined differently."
Handwriting experts at the University of Oxford have confirmed with high confidence that the notes match known samples of Mary Shelley's penmanship from her correspondence and journals. The annotations appear to date from the 1820s, suggesting Shelley revisited her landmark work years after its initial anonymous publication.
Among the most fascinating discoveries are notes revealing Shelley's second thoughts about Victor Frankenstein's motivations. In one margin, she wrote: "Perhaps the creature deserved more of his maker's compassion—as do we all deserve compassion from those who bring us into being."
The British Library has expressed strong interest in acquiring the volumes for their permanent collection. Dr. Helena Frost, a Shelley scholar at King's College London, described the find as "a window into the revision process of one of literature's most influential works."
"We've always known Shelley was a meticulous writer, but these annotations show her continuing to wrestle with the moral questions of her novel long after publication," Dr. Frost explained. "It changes how we understand her relationship with the text."
The discovery comes just ahead of the novel's approaching bicentennial celebrations and has already sparked renewed academic interest in Shelley's creative process and the evolution of Gothic literature.
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